Last Updated: 5/8/2009

Research Interests
The objective of the Allbritton research program is to quantitatively measure the activity of proteins in cellular signaling networks in order to understand the relationships of these intracellular pathways in regulating cellular physiology in health and disease. These networks are composed of interacting proteins and small molecules that work together in a concerted manner to regulate the cell in response to its environment. Despite the importance of these key signaling molecules in controlling the behavior of cells, most of these proteins and metabolites can not be quantified in single cells. In addition, since cells behave asynchronously and often exhibit nonlinear behavior in response to a stimulus, measurements on pooled populations of cells often do not reflect the intricate signaling occurring within individual cells. Thus, there is a need throughout biology for new technologies to identify and understand the molecular circuits within single cells. A goal of research in the Allbritton lab is to develop new methods that will broaden the range of measurements possible at the single-cell level and then to utilize these methods to address fundamental biologic questions. The laboratory has pursued this task by bringing to bear diverse techniques from chemistry, physics, biology and engineering to develop new analytical tools for identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying signal transduction within individual cells. The labs research is best characterized as a multidisciplinary program for the development and application of new analytical methods with two main focus areas: 1) techniques to monitor cellular signaling, and 2) microfabricated cellular analysis systems.

Microanalytical Methods to Assess Cell Signaling. A major focus of research in the Allbritton Group is the quantitative measurement of the enzymatic activity of signal transduction proteins in cells. A micro-analytical technology and biochemical assay that enables the activity of one or more enzymes to be measured simultaneously in a single cell has been pioneered by the laboratory. Current work is extending this novel single-cell assay system beyond protein kinase signaling to phosphorylation of lipid second messengers and palmitoylation of proteins. This technology is unique in both enabling the measurement of multiple enzymes simultaneously within a cell and its applicability to primary cells obtained directly from organisms and patients. A number of collaborations are in place studying cancer-relevant signal transduction mechanisms including the identification of resistance to kinase inhibitors in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), analysis of cross-talk among growth promoting pathways in cancer cells, kinetic studies of kinase regulation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, and mechanisms of activation in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade.
Recent References This Project:
1. Mwongela, S.M., Lee, K., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Separation of Fluorescent Phosphatidyl Inositol-Phosphates by Capillary Electrophoresis. Electrophoresis. 28: 1235-42.
2. Soughayer, J.S., Wang, Y., Li, H., Cheung, S.H., Rossi, F.M., Stanbridge, E.J., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2004. Characterization of TAT-Mediated Transport of Detachable Kinase Substrates. Biochemistry. 43: 8528-8540.
3. Nelson, A.R., Allbritton, N.L., Sims, C.E. Myristoyl-Based Transport of Peptides into Living Cells. Submitted.
4. Fernandes, F., Bailey, D.E., VanVranken, D.L., Allbritton, N.L. The Use of Docking Peptides to Design Simple, Modular Substrates with High Efficiency for the MAP Kinase ERK. Submitted.
5.Lee, K., Mwongela, S.M., Ricks, A.N., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. Measurement of Sphingosine Kinase Activity in Cells. Submitted.

Microfluidic Devices for Cell-Based Analyses. Another focus of the group addresses the burdgeoning field of nano/micro-fabrication for bioanalytical applications. Microfabrication is leading a revolution in biomedicine with miniaturized devices being developed for research, pharmaceutical screening, and point-of-care diagnostics. Dr. Allbritton has established her laboratory at the forefront of this exciting field with unique and creative ideas on the design and use of miniaturized devices for manipulation and analysis of live cells. These applications require solutions to basic issues in analytic chemistry and micro-systems engineering to successfully carry out analyses using this lab-on-a-chip technology. Again reflecting the interdisciplinary flavor of her work, Dr. Allbritton has established productive collaborations to resolve these fundamental issues in the development and application of this promising technology. These efforts include the development of disposable yet integrated micro-systems for chemical analysis of cells from patients with leukemia, and high-throughput sampling and performance of chemical separations of single cells.
Recent References This Project:
1. Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Analysis of Single Mammalian Cells On-Chip. Lab on Chip. 7: 423-440.
2. Hellman, A.N., Rau, K.R., Yoon, H.H., Bae, S., Palmer, J.F., Phillips, K.S., Bachman, M., Allbritton, N.L., Venugopalan, V. 2007. Fast Laser-Induced Mixing in Microfluidic Channels. Anal. Chem. 79: 4484-4492.
3. Wang, Y., Li, H.H., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2005. Covalent Micropatterning of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) by Photografting Through a Mask. Anal. Chem. 77: 7539-7546.
4. Hu, S., Ren, X., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2004. Surface-Directed, Graft Polymerization within Microfluidic Channels. Anal. Chem. 76: 1865-1870.
5. Hu, S., Ren, X., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2004. Tailoring the Surface Properties of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microfluidic Devices. Langmuir. 20: 5569-5574.

Micropallet Arrays to Sort Adherent Cells. An additional facet of her work involves the use of state-of-the-art engineering techniques and chemical surface modifications to produce a platform technology for the analysis, selection, and collection of individual cells and colonies. This work addresses a fundamental need in almost all areas of biomedical research- the ability to separate single or colonies of cells from within a heterogeneous population. The technology enables large numbers of cells growing adherently to be screened for a particular characteristic followed by collection of the desired cells while the cells remain adherent to their growth surface. Collected cells remain alive and healthy for further analysis or clonal expansion. Ongoing work in this area includes efforts to rapidly establish stable genetically engineered cell lines as well as sorting cells based on their temporal behavior. A future goal is to extend this method the collection of cancer stem cells from small sample sizes for example biopsies from mice or humans.
Recent References This Project:
1. Wang, Y., Young, G., Aoto, P. Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Broadening Cell Selection Criteria with Micropallet Arrays of Adherent Cells. Cytometry. In Press.
2. Wang, Y., Young, G., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Collection and Expansion of Single Cells and Colonies Released from a Micropallet Array. Anal. Chem. 79: 2359-66.
3. Sims, C.E., Bachman, M., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Choosing one from the many: selection and sorting strategies for single adherent cells. Anal Bioanal. Chem. 387: 5-8.
4. Salazar, G., Wang, Y., Young, G., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Micropallet Arrays for the Separation of Single, Adherent Cells. Anal. Chem. 79: 682-687.
5. Wang, Y., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2006. Micropatterning of living cells on a heterogeneously wetted surface. Langmuir 22: 8257-8262.

Recent Accomplishments and Honors
1982 - 1985 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Health Sciences and Technology Fellowship
1990 - 1993 NIH Postdoctoral Award
1995 Searle Scholar Award
1995 Beckman Young Investigator Award
2003 UCI Midcareer Research Award
2004 College of Medicine Excellence in Teaching Award
2006 Featured Scientist in Orange County Registrar (3/17/2006), Science Section.

Professional Society Membership:
Biophysical Society
American Chemical Society
American Society for Cell Biology
American Association for the Advancement of Science

Training
1979 B.S. Physics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA

1985 M.D. Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

1987 Ph.D. Medical Physics/Medical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA

Publications
Publications (refereed):
1. Gupta, P.K., Allbritton, N.L., Erozen, Y.S., and Frost, J.K. 1985. Occurrence of Cilia in Exfoliated Ovarian Carcinoma Cells. Diag. Cytopath. 1: 228-231.
2. Allbritton, N.L., Verret, C.R., Wolley, R.C., and Eisen, H.N. 1988. Calcium Ion Concentrations and DNA Fragmentation in Target Cell Destruction by Murine Cloned Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 167: 514-527.
3. Nagler-Anderson, C., Allbritton, N.L., Verret, C.R., and Eisen, H.N. 1988. A Comparison of the Cytolytic Properties of Murine Primary CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Cloned Cytotoxic T Cell Lines. Immunol. Rev. 103: 111-125.
4. Allbritton, N.L., Nagler-Anderson, C., Elliott, T.J., Verret, C.R., and Eisen, H.N., 1988. Target Cell Lysis by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes that Lack Detectable Hemolytic Perforin Activity. J. Immunol. 141: 3243-3248.
5. Allbritton, N.L., Meyer, T., and Stryer, L. 1992. Range of Messenger Action of Calcium Ion and Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate. Science. 258: 1812-1818.
6. Allbritton, N.L., and Meyer, T. 1993. Localized Calcium Spikes and Propagating Calcium Waves. Cell Calcium. 14: 691-697.
7. Boniface, J.J., Allbritton, N.L., Reay, P.A., Kantor, R.M., Stryer, L., and Davis, M.A. 1993. pH Affects the Specificity and Mechanism of Peptide Binding to a Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecule. Biochemistry. 32: 11761-11768.
8. Allbritton, N.L., Oancea, E., Kuhn, M., Meyer, T. 1994. Source of Nuclear Calcium Signals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 12458-12462.
9. Shear, J.B., Fishman, H.A., Allbritton, N.L., Garigan, D., Zare, R.N., Scheller, R.H. 1995. Single Cells as Biosensors for Chemical Separations. Science. 267: 74-77.
10. Reinhard, E., Yokoe, H., Niebling, K.R., Allbritton, N.L., Kuhn, M., and Meyer, T. 1995. Localized Calcium Signals in Early Zebrafish Development. Dev. Biol. 170: 50-61.
11. Boniface, J.J., Lyons, D.S., Wettstein, D.A., Allbritton, N.L., Davis, M.M. 1996. A Conformational Change in a Class II MHC Molecule in the Same pH Range that Effects Antigen Binding. J. Exp. Med. 183: 119-126.
12. Fishman, H.A., Orwar, O., Allbritton, N.L., Modi, B.P., Shear, J.B., Scheller, R.H., Zare, R.N. 1996. Cell-to-Cell Scanning in Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 68: 1181-1187.
13. Luzzi, V., Lee, C.L., Allbritton, N.L. 1997. Localized Sampling of Cytoplasm from Xenopus Oocytes for Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 69: 4761-4767.
14. Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 1998. Metabolism of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate and Inositol 1,3,4,5-Tetrakisphosphate by the Oocytes of Xenopus laevis. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 4052-4058.
15. Sims, C.E., Meredith, G., Krasieva, T., Berns, M., Tromberg, B., Allbritton, N.L. 1998. Laser-Micropipet Combination for Single Cell Analysis. Anal. Chem. 70: 4570-4577.
16. Luzzi, V., Sims, C.E., Soughayer, J.S., Allbritton, N.L. 1998. The Physiologic Concentration of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate in the Oocytes of Xenopus laevis. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 28657-28662.
17. Lee, C.L., Linton, J., Soughayer, J.S., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 1999. Localized Measurement of Kinase Activation in Oocytes of Xenopus laevis. Nature Biotech. 17: 759-762.
18. Luzzi, V., Murtazina, D., Allbritton, N.L. 2000. Characterization of a Biological Detector Cell for Quantitation of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate. Anal. Biochem. 277: 221-227.
19. Meredith, G., Sims, C.E., Soughayer, J.S., Allbritton, N.L. 2000. Measurement of Kinase Activation in Single Mammalian Cells. Nature Biotech. 18: 309-312.
20. Soughayer, J.S., Krasieva, T., Jacobson, S.C., Ramsey, J.M., Tromberg, B.J., Allbritton, N.L. 2000. Characterization of Cellular Optoporation with Distance. Anal. Chem. 72: 1342-1347.
21. Wu, H., Smyth, J., Luzzi, V., Fukami, K., Takenawa, T., Black, S.L., Allbritton, N.L., Fissore, R.A. 2001. Sperm Factor Induces Intracellular Free Calcium Oscillations by Stimulating the Phosphoinositide Pathway. Biol. Reprod. 64: 1338-1349.
22. Li, H., Wu, H.Y., Wang, Y., Sims, C.E. Allbritton, N.L. 2001. Improved Capillary Electrophoresis Conditions for the Separation of Kinase Substrates by the Laser Micropipet System. J. of Chromat. B. 757: 79-88.
23. Ren, X., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2001. Electroosmotic Properties of Microfluidic Channels Composed of Poly(dimethylsiloxane). J. of Chromat. B. 762: 117-125.
24. Li, H., Sims, C.E., Wu, H., Allbritton, N.L. 2001. Spatial Control of Cellular Measurements with the Laser-Micropipet. Anal. Chem. 73: 4625-4631.
25. Hu, S., Ren, X., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2002. Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microfluidic Devices by Ultraviolet Polymer Grafting. Anal. Chem. 74: 4117-4123.
26. Wang, Y., Hu, S., Li, H., Allbritton, N.L., Sims, C.E. 2003. Separation of mixtures of acidic and basic peptides at neutral pH. J. Chromatogr. A. 1004: 61-70.
27. Han, F., Wang, Y., Sims, C.E., Bachman, M., Chang, R., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2003. Fast Electrical Lysis of Cells for Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 75: 3688-3696.
28. Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2003. Single Cell Kinase Assays: Opening a window onto cell behavior. Current Opin. Biotech. 14: 1-6.
29. Hu, S., Ren, X., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2003. Cross-Linked Coatings for Electrophoretic Separations in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microchannels. Electrophoresis. 524: 3679-3688.
30. McClain, M.A., Culbertson, C.T., Jacobson, S.C., Allbritton, N.L., Sims, C.E., Ramsey, J.M. 2003. Microfluidic Devices for the High Throughput Chemical Analysis of Cells. Anal. Chem. 75: 5646-5655.
31. Wagner, J., Fall, C.P., Hong, F., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L., Fontanilla, R.A., Moraru, I.I., Loew, L.M., Nuccitelli, R.A. 2004. A wave of IP3 production accompanies the fertilization Ca2+ wave in the egg of the frog, Xenopus laevis: theoretical and experimental support. Cell Calcium. 35: 433-447.
32. Li, H. Sims, C.E., Stanbridge, E.J., Allbritton, N.L. 2004. Quantitative Single-Cell Assay for Protein Kinase B Reveals Important Insights into the Biochemical Behavior of an Intracellular Substrate Peptide. Biochemistry. 43: 1599-1608.
33. Hu, S., Ren, X., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2004. Surface-Directed, Graft Polymerization within Microfluidic Channels. Anal. Chem. 76: 1865-1870.
34. Hu, S., Ren, X., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2004. Tailoring the Surface Properties of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microfluidic Devices. Langmuir. 20: 5569-5574.
35. Soughayer, J.S., Wang, Y., Li, H., Cheung, S.H., Rossi, F.M., Stanbridge, E.J., Sims, E.S., Allbritton, N.L. 2004. Characterization of TAT-Mediated Transport of Detachable Kinase Substrates. Biochemistry. 43: 8528-8540.
36. Meredith, G.D., Wu, H.Y., Allbritton, N.L. 2004. Targeted Protein Functionalization Using His-Tags. Bioconjugate Chem. 15: 969-982.
37. Wang, Y., Li, H.H., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2005. Covalent Micropatterning of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) by Photografting Through a Mask. Anal. Chem. 77: 7539-7546.
38. Wang, Y., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2006. A Simple Photografting Method to Chemically Modify and Micropattern the Surface of SU-8 Photoresist. Langmuir 22: 2719-2725.
39. Wang, Y., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2006. Micropatterning of living cells on a heterogeneously wetted surface. Langmuir 22: 8257-8262.
40. Salazar, G., Wang, Y., Young, G., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Micropallet Arrays for the Separation of Single, Adherent Cells. Anal. Chem. 79: 682-687.
41. Sims, C.E., Bachman, M., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Choosing one from the many: selection and sorting strategies for single adherent cells. Anal Bioanal. Chem. 387: 5-8.
42. Mwongela, S.M., Lee, K., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Separation of Fluorescent Phosphatidyl Inositol-Phosphates by Capillary Electrophoresis. Electrophoresis. 28: 1235-42.
43. Wang, Y., Young, G., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Collection and Expansion of Single Cells and Colonies Released from a Micropallet Array. Anal. Chem. 79: 2359-66.
44. Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Analysis of Single Mammalian Cells On-Chip. Lab on Chip. 7: 423-440.
45. Hellman, A.N., Rau, K.R., Yoon, H.H., Bae, S., Palmer, J.F., Phillips, K.S., Bachman, M., Allbritton, N.L., Venugopalan, V. 2007. Fast Laser-Induced Mixing in Microfluidic Channels. Anal. Chem. 79: 4484-4492.
46. Wang, Y., Young, G., Aoto, P.C., Pai. J.H., Bachman, M., Li, G.P., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Broadening Cell Selection Criteria with Micropallet Arrays of Adherent Cells. Cytometry. 71A: 866-874.
47. Wang, Y., Pai, J.P., Lai, H.H., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Surface Graft Polymerization of SU-8 for Bio-MEMS Applications. J. Micromech Microeng. 17: 1371-1380.
48. Wang, Y., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2007 Stability of Virtual Air Walls on Micropallet Arrays. Anal.Chem. 79: 7104-7109.
49. Pai, J.P., Wang, Y., Salazar, G., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. A Photoresist with Low Fluorescence for Bioanalytical Applications. Anal. Chem. 79: 8774-80.
50. Fernandes, F., Bailey, D.E., VanVranken, D.L., Allbritton, N.L. 2007. The Use of Docking Peptides to Design Modular Substrates with High Efficiency for the MAP Kinase ERK. ACS Chem. Bio. 2: 665-673.
51. Marc, P.J., Sims, C.E. Allbritton, N.L. 2007. Coaxial-Flow System for Chemical Cytometry. Anal. Chem. 79: 9054-9.
52. Nelson, A.R., Borland, L., Allbritton, N.L., Sims, C.E. 2007. Myristoyl-Based Transport of Peptides into Living Cells. Biochemistry 46: 14771-81.
53. Quinto-Su, P.A., Lai, H.H., Yoon, H.H., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L., Venugopalan, V. 2008. Examination of laser microbeam cell lysis in a PDMS microfluidic channel using time-resolved imaging. Lab Chip. 8: 408-414.
54. Lee, K., Mwongela, S.M., Borland L.M., Nelson, A.R., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2008. Determination of Sphingosine Kinase Activity for Cellular Signaling Studies. Anal. Chem. 80: 1620-1627.
55. Marc, P.J., Sims, C.E., Bachman, M., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2008. Fast-Lysis Cell Traps for Chemical Cytometry. Lab Chip. 8: 710-716.
56. Wang, Y., Salazar,G., Pai, J.P., Shadpour, H., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2008. Micropallet arrays with poly(ethylene glycol) walls. Lab Chip. 8: 734-740.
57. Borland, L.M., Kottegoda, S., Phillips, K.S., Allbritton, N. L. 2008. Chemical Analysis of Single Cells. Ann. Rev. Anal. Chem. 1:191-227.
58. Quinto-Su, P.A., Salazar, G.T., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L., Venugopalan, V. 2008. Mechanism of Pulsed Laser Microbeam Release of SU-8 Polymer Micropallets for the Collection and Separation of Adherent Cells. Anal. Chem. 80: 4675-4679.
59. Kottegoda, S., Aoto, P.C., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2008. The Biarsenical-Tetracysteine Motif as a Fluorescent Tag for Detection in Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 80: 5358-5366. DOI: 10.1021/ac8003242. NIHMSID #50521.
60. Salazar, G., Wang, Y., Bachman, M., Sims, C.E., Li, G.P., Allbritton, N.L. 2008. Characterization of the Laser-Based Release of Micropallets from Arrays. J. Biomed. Optics. 13(03): 034007. DOI: 10.1117/12.805537. NIHMSID #50525
61. Lai, Z., Wang, Y., Allbritton, N.L., Li, G.P., Bachman, M. 2008. A Label-Free Biosensor by Protein Grating Coupler On Planar Optical Waveguide. Optics Lett. 33:1735-7.
62. Lai, H.H., Quinto-Su, P.A., Sim, C.E., Bachman, M., Li, G.P., Venugopalan, V., Allbritton, N.L. 2008. Characterization and utilization of laser-based lysis for cell analysis on-chip. J. Royal Soc. Interface. 5:S113-S121.
63. Borland, L.M., Allbritton, N.L. 2008. Use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography to measure palmitoylation of a peptide. J. Chromat. B. 875:451-458.
64. Phillips, K.S., Kottegoda, S., Kang, K.M., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2008. Separations in poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchips coated with supported bilayer membranes. Anal. Chem. 80:9756-9762.
65. Shadpour, H., Sims, C.E., Thresher, R.J., Allbritton, N.L. 2009. Sorting and Expansion of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies using Micropallet Arrays. Cytometry A. 75A:130-139.
66. Shadpour, H., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2009. Enrichment and expansion of cells using antibody-coated micropallet arrays. Cytometry A. In Press.


Publications (not refereed):
67. Meyer, T., Allbritton, N.L., Oancea, E. 1995. Regulation of Nuclear Calcium Concentration. Ciba Foundation Symposium. 188: 252-262.
68. Jensen-McMullin, C.; Ng, S.; Bachman, M.; Sims, C.; Allbritton, N.; Li, G.P. 2005. A microfluidic assembly line for adherent cell assays. Microtechnology in Medicine and Biology, 2005. 3rd IEEE/EMBS Special Topic Conference, May 12-15, Page:34-37.
69. Sims, C.E., Luzzi, V., Allbritton, N.L. 2005. Localized sampling, electrophoresis and biosensor analysis of Xenopus laevis cytoplasm for subcellular biochemical assays. Meth. Molec. Biol. 322: 413-424.
70. Lai, Z., Wang, Y.L., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N., Bachman, M., Li, G.P. 2007 A label-free integrated optics biosensor by diffraction grating coupler. Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference, Ju 07-08, 2007, Proceedings of the 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference pages 67-68.
71. Ricks-Nelson, A., Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2007 Laser-based cell lysis for microelectrophoretic analysis. Meth. Cell Biol. 82: 709-722.
72. Sims, C.E., Allbritton, N.L. 2007 Microfabricated Devices for Cell Sorting. In “Biologic Applications of Microfluidics” Ed. F. Gomez, John Wiley & Sons. New York. In Press.

Allowed Patents:
1. Kuhn, M., Meyer, T., and Allbritton, N.L. Bifunctional Chelating Polysaccharides. U.S. Patent # 5,773,227.
2. Allbritton; N.L., Sims, C.E., Berns, M.W., Meredith, G.D., Krasieva, T.B., Tromberg, B.J. Fast controllable laser lysis of cells for analysis. U.S. Patent # 6,156,576.
3. Allbritton; N.L., Sims, C.E., Berns, M.W., Meredith, G.D., Krasieva, T.B., Tromberg, B.J. Method and apparatus for detecting enzymatic activity using molecules that change electrophoretic mobility. U.S. Patent # 6,335,201.
4. Allbritton, N.L., Sims, C.E. Method and apparatus for detecting cancerous cells using molecules that change electrophoretic mobility. U.S. Patent # 6,740,497.
5. Allbritton; N.L., Sims, C.E., Berns, M.W., Meredith, G.D., Krasieva, T.B., Tromberg, B.J. Method and apparatus for detecting enzymatic activity using molecules that change electrophoretic mobility. (CIP to 6,335,201) U.S. Patent # 7,157,223.

Published Applications:
6. Allbritton, N.L., Sims, C.E. Method to measure the activation state of signaling pathways in cells. U.S. Patent Application # 20020127604.
7. Allbritton, N.L., Sims, C.E. Method and apparatus for detecting cancerous cells using molecules that change electrophoretic mobility (CIP to 6,740,497) U.S. Patent Application #20040161807.
8. Allbritton, N.L., Sims, C.E., Bardwell, L. Catalytic efficiency and/or specificity of non-native substrates of enzymes. U.S. Patent Application #20050148031.

E-mail: nlallbri@email.unc.edu
Telephone: 966-2291
FAX: 919-843-7825
Address: Rm 241 Chapman Hall, MC 3216 Chapel Hill, NC 27599
URL: http://www.chem.unc.edu/people/faculty/allbritton/index.html

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